Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbates eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis

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兔VX2肝癌模型动态磁共振弥散成像的量化研究

目的 探讨兔VX2肝癌模型在成瘤过程中进行动态磁共振弥散显像（DWI）量化研究的可行性及价值.方法 对肿瘤植入后14、18、22、25d的VX2肝癌模型和正常新西兰大白兔进行磁共振显像及DWI;动态量化分析平均弥散系数（ADC）、指数弥散系数（eADC）的变化规律,并与病理结果对照.结果 兔VX2肝癌模型的ADC值呈先递增后递减趋势;eADC值呈先递减后递增趋势;与对照组间差异存在显著性.病理结果的多项分析中,瘤内凝固性坏死和纤维增生呈明显递增趋势.结论 DWI的量化指标能动态观测兔VX2肝癌模型的部分生长特性;该模型的DWI量化可为DWI临床应用于肝脏病变提供一定的实验和理论依据.     

定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法对扩张型心肌病患者左心室收缩功能的研究

目的：探讨定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室局部收缩功能的价值。方法：获取标准心尖位左心长轴观、二腔观和四腔观，分别应用定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法离线分析10例正常人和12例扩张型心肌病患者左室各节段长轴方向的心肌多普勒速度曲线和位移曲线，计算峰值速度(Vs)及收缩期各取样点向心尖方向位移(Ds)；用M型超声心动图测量收缩期二尖瓣环下移距离(Dm)；用二维超声心动图方法测量左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果：扩张型心肌病患者左室各节段Vs、Ds和Dm比正常人显著减低。在扩张型心肌病患者中，用定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法测量的二尖瓣环水平Ds与用M型超声心动图测量的Dm显著相关(r=0．63，P＝0．03)。二尖辨环水平的平均Vs(r＝0．75，P＝0．005)、平均Ds(r＝0．63，P＝0．03)与LVEF亦分别显著相关。结论：定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法技术可快速、直观、无创性定量评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室收缩功能，为临床评价左心室收缩功能的新方法。     

Accuracy of quantitative coronary angiography with computed tomography and its dependency on plaque composition

Objective: To determine the impact of plaque composition on accuracy of quantitative 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Methods: The institutional review board approved this study; written informed consent was obtained from all patients. One hundred consecutive patients (42 women, mean age 64.6 ± 9.4 years, age range 39–87 years) underwent CTCA and invasive quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) to determine (a) the diagnostic accuracy of CTCA for the detection of significant stenosis (diameter reduction of ≥50%), and (b) the accuracy of stenosis grading. In CTCA stenosis severity was graded in 10% steps and evaluated separately for calcified and non-calcified coronary lesions using Pearson-linear-regression analysis, Bland/Altman-analysis (BA), and Mann-Whitney-U-test. Results: In 60/100 patients 139 significant coronary artery stenoses were identified with QCA. On a per-segment analysis, sensitivity of CTCA was 75.5%, and specificity was 96.6% (positive predictive value: 72.9%, negative predictive value: 97.0%). Quantification of stenosis grading correlated moderately between methods (r = 0.60; P < 0.001), with an overestimation by CTCA of 5.5% (BA limits-of-agreement −29 to 39%). BA limits-of-agreement were greater in calcified lesions (−29.2 to 45.6%; mean error 8.2%) than in non-calcified lesions (−25.9 to 30.2%; mean error 2.2%) and differed significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Diagnostic accuracy of CTCA is high, however agreement for quantitative lesion severity assessment between CTCA and QCA is moderate for calcified but superior for non-calcified lesions.     

Quantifying Quality: An Introduction to Clinical Audit in Paediatric Physiotherapy

In a consumer-oriented National Health Service, quality control (clinical audit) is of increasing importance. Managers must be able to demonstrate both the efficiency and quality of their services when preparing business plans.This paper reports on a project to set, test, and quantify standards for clinical intervention.Since this type of work is in its infancy in paramedical services, a problem-solving approach was adopted. All staff helped in standard-setting and participated in testing.The audit was concerned with the process of intervention since outcome is extremely variable when dealing with chronic disorders involving multiple disabilities.The results were encouraging, demonstrating that the method was successful in quantifying the quality of intervention and had potential as a management tool for monitoring individual staff performance by indicating areas requiring additional support or training.It linked with the existing appraisal system by offering quantified targets for performance, and proved motivating to staff and consumers.The information gained may be useful in marketing the service.     

定量组织速度成像评价慢性心力衰竭患者左室壁收缩的非同步性

目的　探讨定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)评价慢性充血性心力衰竭 (慢性心衰 )患者左室壁收缩的非同步性。方法　应用 QTVI分析 16例慢性心衰患者和 2 0例正常人的左室壁运动速度曲线 ,并对其中 4例右室双灶起搏和 1例双心室起搏患者起搏前、后进行对比分析。结果　慢性心衰患者的室间隔和左室侧壁基底段的收缩期速度峰均明显减低 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,两节段的收缩期速度峰延迟明显 (P<0 .0 0 1)。5例患者起搏后室间隔和左室侧壁基底部收缩期速度峰均较起搏前稍增大 ,两节段的收缩期速度峰延迟较起搏前明显缩短。结论　 QTVI能够评价左室壁收缩的非同步性 ,并能够评估起搏治疗再同步化的效果。     

超声心动图观察雄激素替代治疗改善慢性心力衰竭雄性大鼠左室收缩功能

目的自身对照研究雄激素替代治疗前后大鼠的心功能状况.方法二维超声结合定量组织速度成像(QT-VI)技术检测四种不同处理(对照组、阿霉素组、睾丸切除 阿霉素组和睾丸切除 阿霉素 雄激素组)大鼠的心脏,测量常用心功能参数,脱机分析后室间隔和左室侧壁二尖瓣环处的速度曲线,记录收缩期峰值速度Vs.结果睾丸切除 阿霉素 雄激素组左室短轴缩短率和二尖瓣环平均峰值速度比睾丸切除 阿霉素组增高,差异有显著性意义.结论雄激素补充治疗能够改善激素水平低下的充血性心力衰竭大鼠的左室收缩功能.定量组织速度成像技术是评价大鼠心血管疾病模型心功能的一个新方法.